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Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat or Bikram Samvat ((ネパール語:विक्रम सम्वत्)) (abbreviated as V.S. or B.S.) is the official calendar of Nepal established by emperor "Satkarnika" of Malawi Empire (now in present India), who was popularly known as Vikramaditya. It uses lunar months and solar sidereal year. In Nepal it is also termed Bikram Sambat, but is computed using the tropical year.
The Vikrama Samvat is said to have been founded by the emperor Vikramaditya of Malwa〔''The Encyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia'' by Edward Balfour, B. Quaritch 1885, p.502.〕 following his victory over the Sakas in 56 BC, although it is popularly (and incorrectly) associated with the subsequent king Chandragupta Vikramaditya. It is a lunar calendar based on ancient Hindu tradition (see Hindu calendar and Vedic time keeping). The Vikram Samvat calendar is 56.7 years ahead (in count) of the solar Gregorian calendar. For example, the year 2056 BS began in AD 1999 and ended in AD 2000. The new year begins with the first day after the new moon, in the month of Chaitra, Chaitra Shuddha 1 or Chaitra Shukla Paksha Prathama; which usually falls in March–April in the Gregorian calendar. The nine-day Navaratri festival season begins on this day, culminating on Ram Navami day. In Nepal, it begins in mid-April and marks the start of the solar new year.
In India, the reformulated Saka Calendar is officially used, although in the Hindi version of the Preamble of the Constitution of India, the date of adoption of the constitution, 26 November 1949, is presented in Vikram Samvat (Margsheersh Shukla Saptami Samvat 2006). There have been calls for the Vikram Samvat to replace Saka as India's official calendar.
==Months==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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